evolution in diagnosis and treatment of legg-calve-perthes disease

legg-calvé-perthes disease (lcpd) is an idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with variable complications and resultant deformity of the femoral head and osteoarthritis. suggested risk factors are acetabular retroversion, obesity, latitude, hyperactivity, and coagulopathy. the most commonly applied classification is based on radiolucency in the lateral pillar of the femoral head, which is strongly correlated with the outcome. in the fragmentation stage of the disease involvement can be classified into three groups. after skeletal maturity, the outcome can be classified using the stulberg classification based on the sphericity and congruence of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum. the early goal of treatment is to prevent head deformation by weight transmitted forces during remodeling and ossification stages containment is the widely accepted principle of treatment. although the petrie cast still has a role in the short-term treatment of lcpd before and during the reossification stage, available data does not support additional benefits from braces during the course of lcpd.